Garvey and Dubois essays

Garvey and Dubois papers Marcus Garvey and WEB Dubois lived during when individuals of African Decent started the recovering of their legacy that had been lost. There were two essential idiologies that address the pilte of dark people. One was that of Marcus Garvey the other was that of WEB DuBios. These two ways of thinking fluctuated. The two men spoke to contradicting American standards of human progress, inside and through which each looked to legitimize his different vision of African Americans. WEB Du Bois put stock in the skilled ten. His way of thinking was that of the tip top. He put stock in the advanced education and the significance of advanced education. Then again Marcus Garvey accepted that training was less significant and setting up finacial additions should start things out. He was an independent man and got one of the most extravagant of his time. There was a social hole between these two men. While WEB Du Bois was one of the most profoundly instructed men of the occasions. Garvey is suppo sed to be defective dependent on the way that he didn't have an understaning for the significance of advanced education. Dubois is viewed as unreasonable and not having the purpose of the white collar class. The opposition between Du Bois and Garvey was more social than political. It originated from the battle between the nineteenth-century New England aristocrat perfect, made an interpretation of by Du Bois into his idea of the Talented Tenth, and the contending perfect of the independent man that gave Garvey his method of reasoning. Numerous American Negroes, Du Bois attested, saw Garvey's transient ascent as the enthroning of a rabble rouser, who with monkey sparkles was deceiving the individuals and taking their well deserved dollars. Dubois was defective here for not perceiving that Garveys ascend to control was not only a fleeting the individuals grasped Garvey. He gave African Americans occupations and motivation like no other dark pioneer before him. Garvey found in himself the glorified independent man who triumphed over contin... <!

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan Understudies will analyze two articles and utilize the jargon greater/littler, taller/shorter, and the sky is the limit from there/less to depict their separate qualities. Class: Kindergarten Span: 45 minutes each during two class periods Materials: Oat (Cheerios or something different with comparative pieces)Used pencils and additionally crayonsManipulatives, for example, unifix shapes and additionally Cuisenaire rodsPrepared booklets (see below)Pictures of treats or natural product in different sizes Key Vocabulary: more than, not exactly, greater, littler, taller, shorter Targets: Students will think about two items and utilize the jargon greater/littler, taller/shorter, and that's just the beginning/less to portray their individual characteristics. Principles Met: K.MD.2. Legitimately contrast two articles and a quantifiable quality in like manner, to see which item has â€Å"more of†/â€Å"less of† the characteristic, and depict the distinction. For instance, straightforwardly analyze the statures of two youngsters and depict one kid as taller/shorter. Exercise Introduction On the off chance that you need to get a huge treat or cake to separate among the class, they will be exceptionally occupied with the presentation! Something else, an image will work. Reveal to them the tale of â€Å"You cut, you choose,† and how that is what number of guardians advise their kids to partition things into equal parts so nobody gets a greater cut. For what reason would you need a greater cut of treat or cake? Since then you get more! Bit by bit Procedure On the main day of this exercise, demonstrate pictures to understudies of treats or natural product. Which treat would they need to eat, if this looks great to them? Why? Feature the language of â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† - if something looks yummy, you’ll need the greater segment, in the event that it doesn’t look great, you’ll presumably request the littler segment. Compose â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† on the board.Pull the unifix 3D shapes out and let understudies make two lengths - one that is clearly greater than the other. Compose the words â€Å"longer† and â€Å"shorter† on the barricade and have understudies hold their more extended pile of 3D squares, at that point their shorter heap of solid shapes. Do this a few times until you are certain that they know the distinction among longer and shorter.As an end movement, have understudies draw two lines - one longer, and one shorter. On the off chance that they need to get inventive and make one tree that is greater than another, that’s fine, however for some that don’t like to draw, they can utilize the straightforward lines to show the concept.On the following day, audit the photos understudies did by the day's end - hold a couple of genuine models up, and survey greater, littler, taller, shorter with the understudies. Call some understudy guides to the front of the study hall and ask who is â€Å"taller†. The instructor is taller than Sarah, for instance. With the goal that implies that Sarah is what? Sarah must be â€Å"shorter† than the educator. Compose â€Å"taller† and â€Å"shorter† on the board.Hold out certain Cheerios in a single hand, and less pieces in the other. On the off chance that you were ravenous, which hand would you want?Pass out booklets to understudies. These can be made as simple as taking four bits of paper and collapsing them into equal parts and stapling them. On two confronting pages, it should state â€Å"more† and â€Å"less†, at that point on two different pages â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller†, etc, until you have filled the book. Understudies should set aside some effort to draw pictures that speak to these ideas. Pull understudies aside in little gatherings of three or four to compose a sentence that depicts t heir image. Schoolwork/Assessment: Have understudies and their folks add pictures to the booklet. Assessment: The last booklet can be utilized to assess the understanding that the understudies have, and you can likewise talk about their photos with them as you pull them in little gatherings.

How To Create Headlines That Get More Clicks and Conversions

How To Create Headlines That Get More Clicks and Conversions Last Updated on January 21, 2020The vast majority of people you reach out to will only read your headline, making it the most important part of your article. This means that your headline needs to be appealing enough to your audience so it becomes effective in grabbing peoples attention and enticing them to read the full article.In spite of this, many are the ones that disregard how important it is to create good healines. No wonder such an enormous quantity of excellent content goes unread and forever forgotten. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert A great headline makes people engage with your content. It will make your target audience read your blog posts, watch your videos or click your links.We have created the following infographic that teaches how to develop good headline writing skills that will help you in creating attention grabin g headlines that will boost your conversions and increase your clicks.Share this Image On Your SitepstrongPlease include attribution to StartBloggingOnline.com with this graphic./strongbr /br /a href=https://startbloggingonline.com/how-to-create-headlines-increase-clicks-conversions/ target=_blankimg src=https://startbloggingonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/how-to-create-headlines-increase-clicks-conversions.png alt=How To Create Headlines That Get More Clicks and Conversions title=How To Create Headlines That Get More Clicks and Conversions //a/pThese are headline writing tips that Im sure will turn many dull headlines into successful and effective ones. If you follow them there will less chances of producing new content only for no one to see.If you like this infographic please make sure to post it on your website, linking to us and sharing it with your friends.

Bp Oil Spill Business Law - 1601 Words

MISERICORDIA UNIVERSITY BP Oil Spill Business Law Evans, Rebecca 10/23/2015 This paper includes information regarding the BP Oil spill. References are listed at the bottom. Currently headquartered in London, BP is one of the largest producers of both oil and natural gas. BP provides its customers with fuel for transportation and energy for heat and light. BP’s core business is gas exploration and production division and their main sources of production include Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Trinidad, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States (BP PLC (BP) Company Profile | Reuters.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2015.). In 2013, BP produced 628,000 barrels of oil each day in the US and was the sixth largest producer of natural gas. Each day, BP sells 50 million gallons of fuel in the US consisting of 7,500 BP branded locations located in 13 states. BP is always seeking new opportunities for advancement in technology so that their operation is safer and more efficient. The company is leading the way in in the energy industry with the world’s largest supercomputer used for commercial rese arch, located in Houston and also the first to use drones in the United States. To further place themselves ahead in the industry, BP has invested over $160 million in 2 dozen companies for advancements in technology. BP currently has 17,000 employees and on average, donates approximately $30 million each year to communityShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Bp Oil Spill1558 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Phillip Staton PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Prof. Gloria Zuniga y Postigo February 29, 2016 Argumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Introduction In 2010, BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, causing millions of barrels of crude oil to be leaked out into the Gulf of Mexico. The extensive oil spill created a lot of pollution and far-reaching effects on the tourism industry. The resultant damage to marine wildlife such as fish will continue to be feltRead MoreBusiness Ethics. Bp Oil Disaster – â€Å"Deepwater Horizon Oil1214 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Ethics BP Oil Disaster – â€Å"Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill† Thelma P. Eldridge Business Law – BUS 2301.88 Spring 2017 April 25, 2017 In today’s business world, businesses are subject to the laws of the country in which their company was organized and operates. Business owners are to conduct themselves and their affairs ethically and owe some degree of social responsibility for their actions. Ethics, although not law, is a set of moral principles or values that govern the conductRead MoreBp Deepwater Horizon Case Analysis Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Env. of Business BP’s ethical conduct concerning the Deep Horizon blowout Background: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill or the BP oil spill refers to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed for three months in 2010. The spill was a result of the explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which drilled on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. The explosion killed 11 men working on the platform and injured 17 others (Summarized from Wikipedia article on: â€Å"Deepwater Horizon oil spill† http://enRead MoreWhy Law And Ethics Should Be Legal1501 Words   |  7 PagesPeople that work with laws every day know that it isn’t an exact science. The reason is not that it has a lot of issues or that it is always affected by politics, instead the main reason is the human factor. People end up changing their minds and everyone one makes mistakes at some point. For example, in legal situations the information that is collected could be incorrect or made up. That is the main reason why law and ethics go side by side. Most people want to make the correct decision wheneverR ead MoreThe Legal Issues and Ethical Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and British Petroleum Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico 20101542 Words   |  7 PagesBP Gulf Oil Spill 1 Running Head: BP GULF OIL SPILL The Legal Issues and Ethical Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and British Petroleum Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico 2010 Terry D. Bollman Park University BP Gulf Oil Spill 2 British Petroleum’s Roll in the Gulf Oil Spill This paper will explain some of the effects of three legal issues and three ethical issues surrounding the London-based British Petroleum Company’s involvement in the explosion of the offshore oilRead MoreEssay on Ethics in the Workplace - Bp Oil Spill1729 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in the Workplace Case Study: BP Oil Spill On April 20, 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico, there was a blowout of the Macondo well which is owned by British Petroleum also known as BP. When the blowout took place it got immediate media attention because aspects of the event were known over the world. Within events transpiring it was discovered how limited the resources and reaction to the disaster was going to be. This paper will detail aspects of the event from symptoms of the problem, the rootRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Human Civilization On The Environment1623 Words   |  7 Pagescarpooling, switching to natural gases instead of coal and oil, and creating laws to reduce carbon emissions in factories and began recycling in order to find new ways to reuse old material. In many ways, the everyday people of the country are putting in their part to help the planet survive and thrive for the generations to come. It should not be an outrageous thought that the large, multimillion dollar corporations monopolizing a good portions of the oil sold in America should do the same. Yet, there haveRead MoreBp Oil Spill822 Words   |  4 PagesBP OIL SPILL Under the Deepwater Horizon, an offshore drilling ring of British Petroleum (BP) caused an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The incident occurred on April 20th 2010, where equipment failed and caused the explosion sinking the ring, and causing the death of 11 workers and more than 17 workers injured. The British based energy company also faced other problems at the site of the oil spill. More than 40 million gallons (estimated data) of oil spewed into the Gulf of Mexico. Oil spillRead MoreManagement Planning Presentation Mgt 230 Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Planning Presentation Travis Williams  © BP 2006 Oil section BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007  © BP 2007 Functions of Management Function of Management Steps: 1. Stick to a system approach the system the same way every time 2. Focus on the future with specific goals, i. e. , be specific and plan accordingly 3. All employees should be aware of the company’s goals and work together toward them. 4. Plans and goals should be as detailed as possible to avoid crisisRead MoreWhy The British Petroleum Was Responsible For The Accident1404 Words   |  6 Pages No doubt that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was one of the worst and the largest oil in the history of the world. In the following essay we will discuss about the various aspects related to the accident and find out whether if the British Petroleum was responsible for the accident. BP or British Petroleum is the largest corporation in the United Kingdom and is an international company that operates in oil, gas and chemical industry. The company is headquartered at London. It owns various refineries

The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald - 1280 Words

In order to achieve her desires for power, Daisy portrays innocence, requiring her to take action to preserve the image; ironically, to save the sanctity of her marriage, Daisy must forsake purity for security. Daisy masks her true craving for power by displaying a facade of innocence. Daisy sees herself as a higher authority, but others see this as an image of innocence. When Nick first arrives at the Buchanan home, he immediately notices Daisy and Jordan Baker laying on a couch. Daisy seems to be formless and unaware of everything going on around her. â€Å"The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white† (12) Daisy appears to be above everyone else, being â€Å"buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon. The â€Å"enormous couch,† represents a cloud on which she can float on without a worry in her mind. She is then described as being â€Å"in white† which offers her an angelic-like appearance. Angels are seen as unaltered, pure beings who live in the clouds and Daisy embodies that character. Daisy proceeds to portray her image of inn ocence by her constant inaction. Daisy is described as â€Å"the most popular of all the young girls in Louisville,† by Jordan Baker during her conversation with Nick at the Plaza Hotel (79). Daisy was the woman every man wanted because, â€Å"She dressed in white and had a little white roadster and all day long the telephoneShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald 1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby-one of the most interesting books that describes American life and society in the 1920s.Novel was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Story primarily describes the young, mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his passion for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Novel includes themes of idealism, resistance to change, social differences, American dream, Injustice, power, betrayal, Importance of money, careless, callousness. Scott Fitzgerald sets up his novel into separate social groupsRead More The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. Essay1313 Words   |   6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald aims to show that the myth of the American dream is fading away. The American values of brotherhood and peace have been eradicated and replaced with ideas of immediate prosperity and wealth. Fitzgerald feels that the dream is no longer experienced and that the dream has been perverted with greed and malice. The Great Gatsby parallels the dreams of America with the dream of Jay Gatsby in order to show the fallacies that lie in bothRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald726 Words   |  3 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald showcases characters illusions in the novel The Great Gatsby. Each of the characters gets wrapped up in the dream that they all wanted to live. The Great Gatsby is a novel about the American dream and the illusion is that one can be happy through wealth, power or fame. Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all had an illusion thinking they can live the american dream. Fitzgerald shows many illusions in the Great Gatsby. Throughout the novel Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy, thinking thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald559 Words   |  2 Pages Purity The Great Gatsby, a novel written in the 1920’s by F. Scott Fitzgerald, generates symbolism of characters through the use of simple diction to create a wild romance built on the past, deceit, mischief, and fraud of personality. Moreover, the setting and its different locations, signifies two distinct ways of life: East, old money, and West, new money. Although the locations are judged by material wealth, the people and their behavior are quite alike. Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan, purityRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald574 Words   |  2 PagesTake a look around you, and you will find a myriad of different colors in which you might not think much of, but in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald colors represent different ideas. Fitzgerald utilizes symbolism in the colors of certain objects throughout the novel to reveal a deeper meanings and to enhance the reader’s experience. Fitzgerald introduces Gatsby while he is reaching his hand out to a green li ght across the bay; the color green stands for something unattainable yet desirableRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald768 Words   |  3 Pageswith your life and most importantly, yourself. In the fictitious novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the characters who have money at their disposal are constantly looking for something else to fulfill their longing to have a meaningful life. Despite it’s problem-solving reputation, money isn’t what it’s chalked up to be, the characters with excessive money aren’t sincerely happy with their lives. Jay Gatsby, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker and never satisfied with theirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1695 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and events, or even to be deliberately misleading the reader.† (Margree par. 1). The well-known novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald, introduces readers to a story where everything may not be necessarily true. The beau ty of this novel is that the readers actually get to decide what they want or do not want to believe. This is all due to Nick Carraway, the narrator of The Great Gatsby. Nick is prejudice and has various faults like dishonesty and being oblivious to himself. A character/narratorRead MoreThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in the novel - The Great Gatsby - by F.Scott Fitzgerald Daisy is The Great Gatsby’s most enigmatic, and perhaps most disappointing, character. Although Fitzgerald does much to make her a character worthy of Gatsby’s unlimited devotion, in the end she reveals herself for what she really is. Despite her beauty and charm, Daisy is merely a selfish, shallow, and in fact, hurtful, woman. Gatsby loves her (or at least the idea of her) with such vitality and determinationRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that givesRead MoreDepicting the Difference Between Reality and Illusion in ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pageswhich both texts portray individuals in the grip of dreams and illusions ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald both depict the conflict between reality and illusion centring on the desire to achieve the ‘American dream,’ which causes many characters in the texts to become engulfed in dreams and fantasy. Gatsby and Blanche are the protagonists of the texts not only due to their central role in the plots, but also that they are characters who

Heroism Essay - 937 Words

Summer Schramm Heroism Not all heroes wear capes. One can not identify a hero solely by image alone. I’ve never believed a hero thinking and weighting first on the morality of their doings at the given time. Being a hero or labeled with heroism is defined as â€Å" great bravery† (Websters dictionary). I agree any act of heroism is brave, but I also would state heroism as a pure act of â€Å"selflessness† (websters dictionary a concern more with the needs and wishes of others than with one’s own). Acts of heroism are different from acts of bravery. People and even animals who are heroes go beyond what is expected of them, risking with no pause, their life, and limb to the need of another. Nearly all acts of heroism arise from situations that†¦show more content†¦in the morning, but this day she left Banndit to stay back with our other dogs Hannable and Benny. To this day, she says she has no idea why she left him home, but she just â€Å"felt† it. She walked her same route that day but felt â€Å"off†. By the time she arrived home, her heart sank. She immediately ran to the blood covered door, panicking and shocked to find Banndit laying in a puddle of blood. She called 911 and was hysterical thinking Banndit was stabbed. The entire house was covered in blood. She realized Hannable was limping and gushing blood as well. The dispatcher demanded that she leave the house in fear of the attacker still being in the home, but no way in hell was she leaving the dogs. Police searched the house top to bottom as my mom held Banndit in tears. The EMT’s that were dispatched were told to â€Å"clear† because it was â€Å"only a dog†. Three heroes were bonded that day. A patron man who discovered during the investigation that it was an attempted break-in by multiple intruders and Banndit attacked. Banndit proceeded to smash through a picture window and we are unsure if his cut to his artery was the window or the intruder. The paramedic disregarded dispatch and stopped Bandit’s bleeding and was administering air to him and helped load Banndit into the back of the officers patrol car. The officer raced ( lights and sirens) to the nearest vet where the performed surgery on our hero who lived to be 13 years old. Many peopleShow MoreRelatedHeroism Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is being a hero mean? Heroism is to be brave when others are not willing to and being caring when other need it. Being a hero means you never back down and are not afraid. Every hero, big or small fights for something different, like rights that they deserve, to stand out from the crowd, doing what is right in their mind, or just doing what their gut tells them to. Rights are an important factor in life that everyone deserves but many individuals live without. Many beings will fight for itRead MoreHeroism Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesHeroism Today is an important day. Because you have a difficult decision to make. Will you embrace the gift that you’ve been given? Or will you stand by and waste it away, another day? Will you honor those who came before you, that created this earth and this world for you to experience? Or will you let them down by living with a negative mindset that holds you back? You are the author of your own superhero comic each day is a new page. You get to choose the type of character you want to be. YouRead MoreHeroism Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is heroism? Things preformed Superman, Batman, or The Flash? This is what most people think about when they hear the word hero or heroism. Although these characters show heroism, the definition of heroism does not have to be narrowed to the stereotypical hero. Many people have different concepts on heroism. A hero can be a ordinary person like a firefighter or cop. Heroism is a attribute that a person can obtain but they have to choose act ions that help others like a fearless firefighter orRead MoreHeroism Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout today’s society in abundance.   I define heroism as,   Ã¢â‚¬Å" The qualities or attributes of a hero† (dictionary).   Some examples of heroism can be doctors saving an individuals life or me saving a random person’s life.   I define heroism as someone who places others before   him/ herself.   Heroism appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch; His/ her willingness to help others makes up a hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I most commonly associate heroism with placing others first and performing the actRead MoreAn Act of Heroism Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesseizure. I continue on to Chemistry class. Sitting there taking down electron arrangements, it perversely occurs to me that I could use this episode as a topic for my personal essay, after all, aren’t personal traumas the common fodder for moving essays? A friend slaps me on the back, congratulating me on my â€Å"heroism.† Inwardly, a coward contemplates the bulky science teacher. Read More Heroism in Beowulf Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesshowed that he was truly a hero because he had wisdom and fortitude. There are many types of heroes and Beowulf may not be a hero like Superman or Spiderman, but there is no doubt that Beowulf was a hero beyond compare. Many of the above examples heroism were closely related, this is because a true hero needs to be able to have the wisdom to know what to do and fortitude to do it. Read MoreEssay on Gilgameshs Heroism1557 Words   |  7 Pageswhat is the role of the hero? In this paper the term Heroism will be analyzed under the name of an ancient Mesopotamian hero Gilgamesh. The epic which is called as Gilgamesh is important for understanding an ancient culture, the Sumerian culture because it portrays their beliefs about cultural values and how they lived their lives. Ancient Sumerian culture valued the ideas of heroism. The epic shows their societal values of heroism, knowledge and loyalty and their importance. One ofRead MoreHEROISM IN THE ILIAD Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesof these facts add up to Achilles having a clear-cut advantage over the opposition. Another smaller reason for Achilles heroism is his sense of responsibility. A prime example of that is when Patroclus dies. He takes immediate responsibility for Patroclus’ death, and instantly vows to take revenge on Hector for it. When you put all these details together it adds up to the heroism of Achilles throughout the entire epic. The other hero of The Iliad is Hector. He is still a major hero of the storyRead MorePersuasive Essay : Holocaust Heroism918 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay: Holocaust Heroism As millions of people know, the Holocaust was a time of struggle and difficulty and through the struggle and difficulty there were heroes. Heroes, that many do not acknowledge and some may find nothing but a person living in this disaster. In three specific sources, there were strong people fighting an arduous battle, and not just a person living in the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel in the book Night showed an incredible journey through this time that definitely showedRead MoreTamburlaine and Tragic Heroism Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesTamburlaine and Tragic Heroism In his two plays, Tamburlaine the Great, Parts I and II, Marlowe deviates from the norms of the theory of tragedy in his depiction of Tamburlaine. According to the Aristotelian theory of tragedy, a tragic hero is of a noble origin and enjoys a great rank right from the very beginning of the play. Furthermore, a tragic hero is, in a simple sense, a man likeable for his goodness or greatness. A tragic hero, in addition, is doomed to make a serious error that will

Proposal for An Advanced Art Project Essay Example For Students

Proposal for An Advanced Art Project Essay First off, I need to propose my theme that will encompass the majority of my art works in my stated media. Out of painting, print making and sculpture, I am choosing to work with the latter for two main reasons. One, Iquot;m not that great at capturing visual ideas on the somewhat two-dimensional surface of paper or canvas. Adding to that I thought that sculpture would allow me to have a greater release of creativity as my work can explode into the third dimension with many added features. After pondering upon ideas for a theme, I hit upon four major factors that I want to incorporate within my work. We will write a custom essay on Proposal for An Advanced Art Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Firstly, I want it to make a definite immediate visual contact with the viewer through use of thought provoking forms and features. Next, I may wish at times to incorporate audible stimuli to further draw the viewer into my work. Thirdly, I want some interaction of the sculpture with the viewer, so that they can make a more intimate contact with the piece through tactile and kinesthetic action, so that they thus may get into it more and begin to experience some of the passion feeling that I put into my work as it is thus conveyed to and impressed upon them. As a title theme for my yearquot;s work I have come up with Multifaceted Interactive Involvement With The Electro- Magnetic Spectrum. This includes many different forms of radiation, light and waves. I am also integrating sound to give an added flair. Some practical project examples that I intend to carry through and actually construct can be found in ideas 11 and 12. As my topic theme is fairly limiting, this is quite challenging, but great, as it allows me to create many different forms of work, all tied in to a common specific point. I thought it also might be interesting though if I deviated slightly from the main theme and as a secondary little theme chose something to do with the people in the class surrounding me. There are six in total, including myself and the teacher. There are six sides on a cube and this gave rise to idea for a project. The final result of this co-relates to idea number 9. Soon after, idea 10 followed as I got to thinking about the average student of art. This can also include the teacher, because no matter what level we are, we still may always learn more. One thing I seem to find is that by working around the late night/early morning period, my creative juices just seem to flow better and I get a lot more productive work done. Also I need many special tools and thus maybe I will spend the majority of my project time in my room where I have all the things I need all around me. That way I can also work in bits and pieces, working whenever I get the inspiration to do so. This way, my art will benefit in the fact that it was made in the most fruitful portions of my labour. It can also be made more enjoyable this way, if I know I donquot;t have to work within a structured time on the project. Maybe the time I spend in the classroom can be spend on finishing touches with paint and other items that I donquot;t have available to me in my room. Also I can do sketches and drawings of improvements and modifications to existing proto-sketches. I have had considerable difficulty finding a main mentor, first of all because I think my style is fairly obscure, and I also use such a variety of materials, that I couldnquot;t seem to locate an artist that I could relate myself and my work to. By a twist of fate, while looking through Canadian Art magazines, I came across an article titled The Body Electric. This article describes Jana Sterbak, originally native to Czechoslovakia, she came to Canada in 1968 at the age of 13. She has been educated in New York and Vancouver, having also lived there and now shifts between Montreal and Toronto, where she frequently exhibits her work. In a way she reminds me of Van Gogh in that she creates her work for herself, and then attempts to impress the vigor and zest that she feels with her work upon others in an enthusiastic way. She utilizes many different forms of materials, and likes to use electricity to her advantage to bring some life into the piece. One piece of her work that I really enjoy is entitled I want you to feel the way I do. This sculpture, while seemingly relatively simple, is associated with a lot of strong feelings of the artist, and through her work she is attempting to impress them upon you, the viewer. As you approach the piece, a motion detector senses your movement and activates the power to the projector and the nichrome wire that encircles the wire mesh frame. The projector shows a message on the wall that helps convey the feelings of the artist while the nichrome wire surrounding the wire mesh heats up like a toaster, giving off a wave of heated air towards the viewer. If this doesnquot;t draw your attention to the piece, not much else will, and it serves itquot;s dual purpose quite well. Another mentor, Rockne Krebs, who was born in 1938, has used different gas lasers to produce another much admired piece, called: Day Passage. This work uses several red helium/neon and blue/green argon lasers and mirrors which the many beams are bounced off of and reflected from the mirrors to create a large constantly changing light show in a L-shaped corridor. While this artist had the assistance of the corporation Hewlett-Packard for this project, this work was done in 1971, before I was born, but technology has advanced so significantly since then that I could put together a low cost similar light sculpture without any additional help. .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .postImageUrl , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:hover , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:visited , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:active { border:0!important; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:active , .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u382e76b2e02adc1376f99cb49fa1c25f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art and society in fourth-century Britain: villa mosaics in context EssayIn fact, I have already designed an interactive light sculpture whereby the spectator may alter the laser light forms through the manipulation of controls on a panel. Next, another artist with a similar style to mine is Sebastian, a Mexican born in 1947. Like myself he is interested in the production of transformable sculptures that the viewer can manipulate to change configurations within the piece. Now that I really look, I see that there are many possible mentors, and that I can be quite choosy. But I might as well detail the styles and works of some other artists whom I find encompass at least one aspect of my personal style. Robert Irwin was born in 1928, and enjoys using light and shadow forms in his work. In 1968, he created an untitled piece that effectively hides a plexiglass disk within the shadow patterns of light and colour that are projected on the wall through the use of four lights to provide illumination from behind the disk. Len Lye was born in 1901, and thus is either quite old, or has passed away since the book that I consulted was published. He was interested in exploring movement through art, and created several pieces that either moved through the turning of cranks by spectators or by electrically driven motors. At the age of 64, he created a kinetic sculpture with stainless steel wire mounted in a wood base. The base rested on a motor, and rocked gently back and forth creating the effect of grass blowing in the breeze. Thus, the composition is entitled: Grass. These artists combined, make use of sculpture that uses sound, light and movement to go a new direction in art. This could be described, together, as Kinetic Intermedia, and so I believe I have at last found my niche in the art world. Here are some random ideas for projects: 1. An interactive laser system, whereby users may control various beams of light through the manipulation of motors and mirrors, to create their own personalized light art form. 2. A light box with many different openings and cut-outs, allowing projection of various light and shadow forms and their interaction upon each other. -Possibly add color filters and a creative surface upon which these light forms are to be projected, creating a greater contrast and giving rise to many imaginative patterns and pseudo-three dimensional light sculpture. 3. Is a true three dimensional light sculpture actually possible using our current technology? Sure maybe with multi-million dollar real time holographic laser projection systems, but is it possible to create a compact photon form relying on using scrap parts and ingenuity? Would it have a definite projection surface, or could it be visualized in plain air space, maybe relying upon condensed carbon dioxide vapour in which to carve traces and impose visual phenomena upon? 4. A fiber optic just thought of: possible sculpture title: Fiber Optrix sculpture, through which many different wavelengths of light could coarse, in either a steady or a variable frequency oscillation pulsed state. Could incorporate a fixed or variable speed motor to vary the rotation of the whole piece of work. 5. Robot head. Either purchase a department store styrofoam wig display head, or make one from clay? probably too heavy for purpose, but could be hollow, or by wadding and taping newspapers into the form of a head. Then transform it through such methods as silver metallic spray paint or aluminum foil, to give it a metallic base, and adding found objects such as electronic junk to create a dazzling three-dimensional sort of surrealistic artwork. Some of the electronics could be functional, and provide even more exciting visual, audible or kinetic effects. 6. A sound sculpture made by collecting various materials and objects that produce different sounds. The work could then be arranged as to be visually attractive, and could be sort of played by the viewer, somewhat like a music instrument, or could be electrically operated upon the viewer arranging some sort of built in puzzle that is a piece of the art. 7. Self Recycling Energy Light or something. Needs a better title, but could use the idea of a small light that draws its power from the current produced by a solar cell. The solar cell could be generating current from the light that was falling upon it from the lamp. So this is sort of a perpetual motion sculpture drawing upon an impossible concept. Maybe incorporate something as to convince the viewers that it is really working. eg. When they cut off the light path from the light source to the solar cell with their hand, the light goes out. When they withdraw their hand, the light returns. .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .postImageUrl , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:hover , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:visited , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:active { border:0!important; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:active , .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6 .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85e072f8dd17e18dba4004f9e2b07ec6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feb 27st: Early Renaissance ArtBut this kind of defeats the concept, as even the simplest theory of this would show that the light would require an external source to start up the process. Anyway, Iquot;ll spare the details, but the point of all this, is trying to brainstorm as many ideas for projects as I can, no matter how trivial or complex. Then later, I can review them, and either discard them or build upon them to create a viable project design. 8. Some sort of novel supreme interface, where there is no physical sculpture at all, but merely a hookup that allows the viewer to connect themselves to it, and adjust the controls for maximum overall visual effect. Would provide visual phenomena without the use of photons as it directly stimulates the optic nerves via self-structured neural impulses coupled either inductively or conductively. Similar in theory to what researchers have call flashing of the brain, in which we may thus produce intricate colour fractal like patterns in the form of phosphenes. Maybe aid the work with a powerful audio soundtrack to assist in visualization of desired objects. This is probably the highest form of visual medium, because it paints extremely detailed pictures in your mind with your own imagination. . A sort of modified Rubix Cube, with the six faces of the people in class pasted on each of the six sides. Although this does not quite fit into the main theme, it has aspects of it, as it is certainly multifaceted, and allows interactive involvement as the viewer may pick up the sculpture and turn and rotate the columns and rows in each of the three dimensions. See figure 3, attached 10. The pictures of the s ix people in the art class transferred onto acetate or similar, so that they may be projected onto a screen through the use of an overhead projector. Now we have pictures one through six, and they may be layered down on the projection surface one at a time until they all are aligned with and over each other, thus showing a combined image of the six of us. Here many common physical characteristics blend, and we see what might just be the average student in our class. As this idea is not very time consuming, it could be combined with idea nine as well as a possible third idea to create one project. 11. This Interactive Digital Sculpture or IDS for short, relies on the effect of human body capacitance to vary the frequency of a tone as the user molds the mountain-like form of a putty-like substance. This incorporates a device similar to that made by RCA in the 1930quot;s to produce eerie effects for movies and concerts. I have thought about what substance to use inside the elastic form, so that it would be sort of like those stress buster nurd things you see in some stores now-a-days. I would want it to slowly creep back into its original form after handling. Several things came to mind as a filler, including: silicon, not unlike that used in breast implants, a mixture of cornstarch and water to form a colloidal suspension, play-do, to even mashed potatoes. Perhaps I shall settle with some form of putty as the others are either impractical in their cost, or they may rot. Although I know some art isnquot;t made to last, maybe mine could only last the length of time it took the filler material to go bad. The attached sheets will enable you to visualize the final product. 12. This sculpture gives the illusion of a rotating ellipse around a cylindrical form. The mechanism is hidden from view through the usage of a clever backdrop, and the motor which controls the fall rate of the ellipse has a variable speed control. Refer to attached sheets. 13. A sort of cyborg robot form, constructed with mixed media. The materials intended to be utilized will include: circuit boards, chicken wire, wire, styrofoam, plastic, aluminum foil, paper, and anything else useful that I may find lying around. Some enamel and spray paints will also be applied in the finished product. This sculpture may or may not move, but most probably will include some aspect of electricity. Refer to attached sheet. 14. A spherical or elliptical bottle filled with multicoloured undulating globular spheres, similar to that of a lava lamp of time past. In this modification to the original design, the globules will change color through the use of colour filters, and the light which provides illumination to the bottle will have a variable frequency rate from approximately one to sixty hertz. It should be noted that a frequency above about fifty-five hertz gives way to flicker fusion, and the lamp appears to be constantly on. Possibly an audible beat could accompany the light pulses. 15. A high-tech futuristic weapon, sort of like those constructed for use by the army corps in the movie Aliens. Would be mixed media, including PVC piping to give the effect of the multi-barreled weapon. Now I know how to put those spent CO2 cartridges to good use. Some silver and black spray paint would finish off its appearance, to look futuristic, but heavily used.

Essay Analysis of Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria Essay Example

Essay Analysis of Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria Essay I was the first time going to NC art museum so I just the thought of it made my heart flutter and interesting. I was lucky to have a chance to appreciate such a work of art created by many artists. I saw so much many draws there. Those masterpieces took them into the world of imagination when we saw the artworks. I took the time to stop and admire the view of the art museum and building structure. Many people are coming to the art museum for a appreciate painting. They have time to enjoy life. The whole museum building makes the impression very peaceful and gives off a feeling of tranquility. The NC art museum consists of the modern building and old building. We have a class in the modern building. We appreciated drawings, along with explanations, which helped us understand more deeply about the history of art and picture appreciation. When we saw paintings at the art museum, we take the class with camping chair that is one of the interest things. One of the impressive draws is Kehin de Wiley’s draw compare to other works in the exhibition. The title of the draw is â€Å"Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria.† This Kehinde Wiley’s draw using the oil on canvas for good color sense. His drawing is lifelike and realistic. I was shocked by this Kehinde Wiley’s draw because especially this artists using the black people to express the remarkable and beautiful. Many kinds of draw using the draw black people to express the negative image, such as peculiar institution, color bar, and the segregation policy. But the same image of the black people expresses the beautiful and pretty nice look. The background of this draw using the pattern of tattoo that is good express of the black people emotions. I think that the background pattern is using the black people tattoo. It said that the crew transformed tattoo into an art. Through this Kehinde Wiley’s draw, I learned new analyzed method of draw. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Analysis of Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Analysis of Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Analysis of Prince Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

buy custom The Cooperative Food Businesses Group essay

buy custom The Cooperative Food Businesses Group essay Introduction The Cooperative Food Businesses Group is a consumer owned company that presently dominates the convenience food market segment of the food retail industry in UK. As the economic conditions in the country seize to improve, the company is faced with immense challenges. The report analyses these challenges together with the companys ability to utilize its internal capabilities to counter them and move towards a profitable future. The tools such as PESTEL Analysis, Porters Five Forces Analysis, SWOT Analysis and Competitor Profile Matrix are made of use of in the strategic analysis. External Environment PESTEL Analysis Political The government has increased the Value Added Tax to VAT 20 per cent that has increased retail prices of food products tremendously. This has pushed away consumers from heavy spending in food shopping. The Increase in fuel costs by the government has forced producers to charge more for their products that cost more to produce now (BBC 2007). The economic turmoil in UK has produced a drastic fall in the consumers disposable incomes. The wage has increased by only 5 per cent. The Customers have become more price sensitive as a result and have shifted towards cheaper food brands and cheaper food retailers (Clark et al 1994). Customers have also shifted to less expensive restaurants. Retailers are trying to steal the restaurant spend by offering Dine in for two deals. The convenience segment of food retailing is comparatively flaring well. The sales value of the convenience market segment is expected to grow by 2 per cent per annum in the next 4 years. The market is expected to grow in size as the population continues to grow to 67 million by 2020. This will produce an increase in single occupancy rate, and thus, increases spend her head. On the other hand the trend of aging population which is reliant on a smaller number of employed workers will move the customers further towards price sensitivity. However, cultural diversity in UK is increasing which has allowed retailers to enter into specialist segments, such as ethnic food. The Internet has become a powerful selling channel in the West. It is predicted that by 2011 online retail sales in Europe will have reached Euro263bn, with British shoppers accounting for more than a third of all revenue (Myers 2004). The Internet accounts for 8 per cent of the amount spent in advertising globally. This percentage is growing rapidly. Around 70 per cent of the households have PCs and internet which has given rise to online shopping (Graiser Scott 2004). At present 4 per cent of the food sales are made online. Customers still choose to physically see products before they purchase. However, the trend towards online shopping for grocery is expected to increase, forcing the retailers to equip their supply chain to meet the changes in the industry. Where at present, consumers are concerned with price sensitivity, in future, their concerns for wealth, sustainability of food and well being will grow and retailers will have to address these. Waste management presents another dilemma for companies as well as criticism in adding to CO2 pollution. Environmental protection, child labour and consumer protection laws are the main legal forces acting on retailers. As consumers get more aware of their rights and litigious, the risk of being sued increases. Owing to the intense rivalry in the industry, and a large number of players continuously engaged in battling with each other for higher customer and market share, the industry has been the attention of competition commission which closely monitors their competitive strategies. Competition in the retailing sector is extremely fierce. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that companies are trying to diversify into non-core fields thus creating additional competition. In the mainstream food retailing segment that constitutes super markets and hypermarkets, there are four major retailers in the industry that have fortified market positions. These are Tesco, Sainsbursy, Asda and Morrisons. These retailers account for nearly 65 to 70 per cent of the total food sales in UK. Tesco is leading the market with 27 per cent market share, where the rest have 14 per cent, 15 per cent and 10 per cent respectively. The Cooperative Food Business is the fifth largest food retailer behind the big four. The level of rivalry is intense which has been further increased as companies have faced financial challenges during the economic slump. The four giant retailers battle for market share and customer share. They attract consumers through price comparisons and value offers. Cooperative Food Businesses dominate the convenience segment of the market. The four retailers upon sensed the market potential have recently entered in the convenience segment, where their positions are relatively weak at present. Marks and Spencer and Tesco have 13 and 11 per cent market shares in the convenience segment which are largely behind Co-op Groups 27 per cent market share. The bargaining power of the suppliers is low. The main suppliers of retailers are food manufacturer such as Nestle, Kraft, Unilever, Kellogg, Danone, Proctor and Gamble and General Mills. These food manufactures have to compete against each other to occupy shelf spaces of the four giant retailers. This has given retailers high negotiating power with the suppliers. There is a big threat of substitute food products, having numerous food suppliers in the industry. There is also a big room for innovations in the food product category. Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal Porters Five Forces Industry Rivalry Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Customers The bargaining power of customers is high. The concentration of buyers is high and they therefore can dictate their rules/tastes. Customers are less brand loyal, there are plenty of alternatives and switching costs are low. All of these factors place the bargaining power in the hands of the consumers. The slow recovery in the economic conditions in UK still continues to affect retail sales as consumers choose to buy less and buy cheaper in order to make ends meet (Graiser Scott 2004). Similarly, as peoples incomes become more uncertain, they will shop around more (Flavin et al 2002). Threat of Substitute Products Threat of New Entrants Threat of new entrants is low. This is because it takes enormous capital investments to set up a successful chain of stores. The market is mature and an entrant would need to offer something radically new, which is rather difficult to do in food retailing. All major retailers have strong established brand nams and so enjoy customer loyalty, which becomes increasingly important in homogenous markets (Flavin et al 2002). The incumbents are firmly holding their market shares and would utilise all means to counter any new entrants, including litigation (Graiser Scott 2004). Importantly, absence of experience and knowledge of operating in these markets - especially for foreign companies - would be a barrier to any new entrants (Doyle 2002). Competition Analysis The Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) identifies a firms major competitors and its particular strengths and weaknesses in relation to a sample firms decisions. Following is the competitive profile matrix of Cooperative Food Business Group compared with Marks and Spencer and Tesco (Dess et al 2004). Table 1: Competitive Profile Matrix of Cooperative Food Business Group Critical Success Factors Weight Marks and Spencer Cooperative Food Business Group Tesco Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Advertising 0.20 3 0.6 4 0.8 4 0.8 Product Quality 0.10 4 0.4 4 0.4 4 0.4 Price Competitiveness 0.10 2 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 Management 0.10 3 0.3 4 0.4 3 0.3 Financial Position 0.15 3 0.45 4 0.6 2 0.3 Customer Loyalty 0.10 3 0.3 3 0.3 2 0.2 Market Expansion 0.2 3 0.6 4 0.8 3 0.6 Market Share 0.05 3 0.15 4 0.6 2 0.1 Total 1.00 3.1 3.6 2.2 The competition matrix clearly identifies the areas which give the company the competitive advantage. Each of these areas is linked with the three aspects of the business identified earlier: finance, human resources and production. Strategic Capabilities Resources The Cooperative Food Business Group is registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts of 1965 and 2003. Its resources are entirely different from those of the competitors. Its human resource comprises of 110,000 employees. It operates close to 5000 retail outlets that allow it to serve 17 million customers per week across UK. 3000 new stores will be opened by 2013 which has created new job offers for potential competent employees. Value System The value system of the organisation is closely tied with social values and social benefit. This is due to the fact that the Group is owned by consumer members. The values that provide the foundation of the management and business philosophy of the Cooperative Food Business Group are: self help, self responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. Core Competencies The core competencies of the Group stem from its financial position, its business model, strategy of partnerships and acquisitions and its workforce (Johnson Scholes 2003). Business Model Its business strategy and business model are closely tied with social responsibility and social values that provide it a completive edge in the market and allow it to run a business that is socially appreciated and well accepted across the UK by the consumers. The business model allows consumers to attain the power. Consumers having power to influence prices, management and marketing of retailers is a challenge for competitors, the Group sees this as its biggest strength. The consumers are more driven towards spending more on a retailer that they know will give back to the society and cares for them, rather than the exploiting giants that are now struggling to sustain customer share. Financial Position 13.7 billion profits were obtained in 2010 by the Group which is attributable to the financially sound condition of the company. However, the acquisitions posed a financial burden on the company but because of the annual profitability, it was able to curtail the short term turmoil effectively and continued to expannd. This financial position has allowed the company to invest heavily in stores, hire more employees and enter into new product categories. Cost Leadership Cost leadership is where companies compete on the basis of their production costs and profit gains in returns. Such production cost reduction is received from economics of scale and extensive marketing and operational efficiency. The large supermarket chains which have access to fewer threats from high prices of suppliers are enjoying this cost leadership. The Cooperative Food Business Group follows the competitive strategy of cost leadership. Because of the benefit of this, the group charges comparatively cheaper prices to the convenience food products which attracts and sustain customers. Human Resources People culture prevails in the company. Bureaucratic structure with centralised decision making allows the owners to curtail a complete customer-centred approach in management and performance. Employees are regularly trained in order to be infused with necessary skills to counter competition. The centralised management style allows infusing and practicing the value system effectively and in a controlled fashion. Partnerships and Acquisitions The Cooperative Food Business Group has taken the acquisition strategy to expand in the UKs retail industry. This strategy has produced fruitful results for the company in the form of improved profitability and enhanced its resource capability to enter into new markets and product categories. The expansion in resources through acquisition will allow the Group to move towards an effective and cost efficient value chain which is essential to enter into many new markets and countries, without any fear of losing out due to competition, because the company has to offer several value added services backed with competencies that are not found in other competitors. SWOT Analysis Strengths The Cooperative Food Business Group is the fifth largest food retailer behind the big four. IT dominates the convenience segment of the market. Acquiring Somerfies 778 stores has infused strength in to the groups ability to counter competition and expand its market share and profitability. There is lack of innovation in the services that the Group provides that gives it little differentiation against competitors, and weakens its otherwise fortified market share. The management system is potentially weak to cope with the challenges of integration and acquisitions. The structural integration needs to be improved. Geographic as well as product category expansion are two opportunities available to the Cooperative Food Business Group at present. Using the online selling channel and expanding in the online food retailing is another option. Economic downfall has hurt consumer spending and has reduced the sales of the Group. Its financial turmoil is partly attributable to the incompetency of the company to bear the financial burden of the recent acquisition initiative. The entry of the big four along with Marks and Spencer in the convenience market segment is a threat for the Group. At present the Group holds market dominance but in the near future, as the retailers continue to occupy market space and consume more customer share, the sustainability of the Group in the market can be seriously threatened. The giants have a bigger pool of resources to combat the Group. The Group will have to invest in introducing new innovations in services and expand into new product categories in order to sustain competitive advantage. Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Strategic Options and Evaluation Two strategic options that the Cooperative Food Business Group have are: (1) Expansion into the Financial Service Sector; (2) Entry into the online food selling market. The strategic options are evaluated based on the criteria of consistency, consonance, advantage, and feasibility. Expansion into the Financial Service Sector Following the lead of Tesco and Sainsburys and other big four retailers, who haves set their foot in the financial services sector, the Group is considering taking up the challenge to service this sector as well. Consistency the strategy corresponds to the expansion strategy of the business. It will need to use acquisitions strategy to enter into the financial services sector. Consonance because of the economic turmoil, the retailers that are in the financial services sector have suffered in terms of profitability. This is something that the Group needs to consider. The economic situation is expected to improve and the Group has optimistic performance and profitability forecasts. However, the industry poses a big risk. Advantage Expanding into a new market would allow the Group to further strengthen its market leadership and increase customer share and profitability. Feasibility The Groups existing resources will not be sufficient to back this expansion strategy. Considering its recent financially troubling situation resulting from the integration with Somerfields stores, it is only evident that in terms of resources, this option is less feasible (Arnold 2002). Entry into the Online Food Selling Market The online food selling market is in its introductory stage and is growing. Asda and Tesco are successfully running online food divisions (Doyle 2002), and it is only time that Cooperative Food Group enters the market before it hits maturity and barriers to entry increase. Consistency the strategy corresponds to the expansion strategy of the business. It will allow the company to increase its customer share and market share. Consonance this will be a proactive strategy on part of the Group allowing it to enter the market that is in its introductory stage and holds potential for massive growth in the future. Advantage The entry would allow the company to provide multi-channel buying opportunity to consumers, and thus, enable it to make use of a new competitive advantage. Feasibility The strategy is feasible as the company has use its existing resources to implement it. Recommendation and Conclusion Cooperative Food Business Groups recent acquisition strategy to expand in the industry has allowed it to create an effective and cost efficient value chain and has enabled to enter into many new markets and expand its resources without any fear of losing out due to competition. The company has to offer several value added services backed with competencies that are not found in other competitors. Online food retail industry is a viable strategic option open to the company that it can enter into without challenging its management to cope up with as well as benefit from in terms of increased profitability, market and customer share. The tools used in the strategic analysis, such as, PESTEL Analysis, Porters Five Forces Analysis, SWOT Analysis and Competitor Profile Matrix proved to be quite effective in aligning the challenges, strengths and capabilities that paved way for strategic routes for the future to be developed. 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The evaluation of the efficiency of the food control systems in uk Essay

The evaluation of the efficiency of the food control systems in uk - Essay Example Changes in eating habits, centralized processing as well as large-scale production have all affected the food system in the country. The British system of food control focuses on food safety problems. The responsibility of taking care of the other aspects of food control is in the hands of the food industry (McEhatton and MArshall, 2007). In the UK, consumers are aware of the way food is processed and marketed and they play an important role in ensuring that food control systems are not violated. According to FAO, food control management can be described as the â€Å"continuous process of planning, organizing, coordinating and communicating a broad range of risk-based decisions and actions† which are designed to ensure that the quality and safety of imported and locally produced food for all consumers is upheld (Wallace, Sperber and Mortimore, 2010). Food control management is a practice that covers operational responsibilities and policy implementation of various government departments in relation to food control. The food management system in the UK is centralized. The government is responsible for ensuring that food safety regulations are followed throughout the country (McEhatton and MArshall, 2007). In practice this responsibility is shared by both the central and local government. The central authorities charged with the responsibility of ensuring food control rules are followed are the Food Standards Agency, Defra as well as the Agriculture Department. The main job of monitoring and inspection is carried out by the local authorities. Local Foods Authorities (LA) and the Port Local Authorities (PLAs) carry out food safety and standard checks on food products at points of entry. LAs are also responsible for checking foods on the inland (Staete, 2008). The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is an autonomous Department in the central government that is responsible for providing

The Life of Christ Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Life of Christ - Term Paper Example Luke stated that Christ’s ministry was instigated by John the Baptist in the 15th year of the sovereignty of Tiberius Caesar, who became the emperor after King Augustus1. Emphasising on the various biblical specifications, the discussion henceforth intends to briefly outline the life of Christ, taking into consideration the three years of his ministry. Christ’s Birth Luke 2:1-7: History of Christ’s Birth The history of Christ’s birth has roots in the social context of the then Roman dynasty, which was strongly influenced by social segregations, brutal and inhuman treatments of slavery, and replication of dominion powers over the weak. As per the Synoptic Gospels, it was during the reign of King Augustus that Jesus was born in the midst of conflicts between emperors and various social classes. Jesus was the child of Mary and Joseph, who were peasants belonging to the tribe of Judah and were the citizens under the lordship of King Herod2. It was during this period that social conflicts began within the region due to taxation imposed by King Augustus and the reluctance of Jewish community to abide by such norms. Consequently, the Jewish community members were asked to travel to Bethlehem, where the register was located to perform census of the Jewish people and make them entitled to the taxation charges3. Thus, Mary and Joseph had to travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem. At that time, Mary was expecting a child, owing to which the long journey to Bethlehem imposed a vast suffering upon her. Irrespective of the physical weakness, the couple had to travel as per the decree of King Augustus. However, the actual reason for Mary and Joseph enduring such suffering was the verdict of God ordering that the child should be born in Bethlehem. After the weary travel, when the couple learnt that all the inns had been already filled with travellers from Nazareth and other regions of the realm of King Herod, they lodged in an animal shed. It was in this shed that Mother Mary gave birth to Lord Jesus Christ, which was known to only few people in the village. The circumcision and the naming of the child had been arranged when he was 8 days old, according to the Hebrew Law, and he was formally given the name of Jesus. Therefore, the word of God was conveyed by Gabriel, who said, â€Å"You shall call his name Jesus for He will save His people from their sins†4. Christ’s Ministry Similar to the history of the birth of Holy Christ, the instigation of His ministry can also be observed as enlightened with spirituality and chronology of mesmerizing events. The historical content depicts that Christ’s ministry began during the period of AD 27 and continued till his crucifixion. However, contradictions have been persisting concerning the duration of His ministry, which has often been deliberated as a period of 3 years, 2 years, and even 3 and a half years. However, most of the testaments obtained affirmed that Christâ₠¬â„¢s ministry continued for 3 years5. Christ’s ministry began with His baptism, which was performed by John the Baptist and which led Holy Spirit to â€Å"come on Him in a special way†. As per the predicaments, Christ had to fast for 40 days following His baptism in order to defeat the ‘Satan’, a spirit who dared to challenge the religious beliefs of Hebrews. However, as per the true meaning, the word ‘Satan’ refers to the fallen angel who was entitled by the God Himself to test the strength of human

Suicide terrorism

Suicide terrorism Suicide terrorists are said to be fanatics. Discuss this statement with regard to the analysis of suicide terrorism and Asymmetric warfare. This paper is a discussion on modern suicide terrorism, starting with a brief history of suicide terrorism, moving onto definitions, characteristics, theories and the asymmetries of suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism can be dated back to ancient times; it is the evolution of the suicide bomber that brings the most notoriety. With many analysts such as (Gunaratna, 2000; Winkates, 2006), trace the evolution of modern suicide terrorism to Sri Lanka and Lebanon in the 1980s. Acts of suicide terrorism in the past have been relatively confined and their use limited to a small number of locations around the world. In the last decade there has been a significant expansion in the scope and frequency of suicide terrorist attacks. The number of terrorist attacks fell from 660 in 1988 to 250 in 1998; the number of suicide terrorist attacks was climbing rapidly (Clayton, 2003, p. 18). This increase in suicide attacks during the period 2000-2005 is 2.7 times greater in comparison to the period b eginning in the 1980s and lasting until 1999 (Pedahzur Perlinger, 2006, p. 1987). During the period 2000-2009 the scope of suicide terrorism expanded dramatically, with suicide terrorist attacks in Indonesia (Bali), Sri Lanka, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United States, England, Spain, Russia, Chechnya and Bangladesh. Although there have been suicide attacks within the west, it is the rapid increase of attacks within countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq that is the notable with a year on year increase. Saudi Arabia became so alarmed with the rise in suicide terrorism that in April of 2006 the Saudi government announced plans to build a multibillion-dollar electrified fence along its 560 mile border with Iraq (Dreazen Shiskin, 2006, p. A1). According to ISAF, in 2008 suicide bombings increased 26 percent from 2007(ISAF, 2009, toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, January 2009). There has also been a noticeable change in the individuals who carry out suicide attacks, once seen as mainly carried out by you ng men for either Religious or political reasons and yet there has been an increase in the number of women and children now playing an increasing part in suicide missions . One of the latest attacks took place on the Moscow subway, killing 35 and wounding many more; both of these attack where carried out by female suicide bombers. Suicide terrorism can be seen as inexpensive, deadly, and especially effective in accomplishing terrorists goals (Hoffman, 2003, p. 1; Jalalzai, 2005, p.110) attacks have also become increasingly effective in terms of the destruction they cause and the number of people they kill, as the suicide terrorists adopt new innovations such as explosive vests (Gall, 2006, p. A15).There is an asymmetry within suicide terrorist attacks, western countries have a reliance upon smart weapons in the conflict against those seen as terrorists. These weapons can cause huge amounts of damage without the need to directly attack the enemy with ground troops, thus lessoning the casualties sustained during combat operations. The use of a suicide bomber in effect becomes the human equivalent to the smart bomb. The weapon is self directing to the target, it can make changes to the target location, timing and delivery method on an ad hoc bases making the suicide bomber the ultimate smart bomb (Hoffman 2003). The use the human body as a weapon is not a new phenomenon being well documented through the ages. Pape (2005, p.11) calls the Zealots and the Sicarii the worlds first suicide terrorists. The name sicarrii means dagger-men, who would infiltrate Roman-controlled cities and stab Jewish collaborators or Roman legionnaires with a sica, kidnap the staff of the Temple Guard for ransom, or poison their enemies (Bloom, 2005, p. 8). The Zealots and Sicarii used violence to encourage public uprising, including the Jewish War of AD 66. They would attack their victims in broad daylight and in highly public places with little apparent regard for their own safety or escape. Pape (2005) notes that many of these attacks must have been suicide missions, since the killers were often immediately captured and put to death typically tortured and then crucified or burned alive (p. 12). Assassins were an 11th 12th century Shia Muslim sect from the Nizari state, their name, the assassins comes from the Arabic word hashishiyyin. According to Pape (2005), the Assassins created an effective organization f or the planned, systematic, and long-term use of political murder that relied on suicide missions for success. Pape (2005) reports that between 1945 and 1980, suicide attacks temporarily disappeared from the world scene (p.13). Pape (2005) and others (Laqueur, 2003) note the occurrence of politically- and/or religiously driven hunger strikes and suicides (particularly self-immolations) during this period but Pape (2005) claims there is not a single recorded instance of a suicide terrorist killing others while killing himself (p. 13). Reuter (2004) disagrees, citing a pro-Palestinian Japanese Red Army-sponsored attack on Israels Ben Gurion International Airport on May 20, 1972. In what Reuter (2004) notes as the first suicide attacks in the Middle East, on this day three Japanese gunmen with machine guns killed twenty-four people at the airport. They made no effort to escape, and two were shot dead by the airport guard (Reuter, 2004, p. 136). Inspired by Irans use of human minesweepers against Iraq, Hizbollah, launched a series of attacks against Western and Israeli targets in Lebanon (Winkates, 2006, p. 92). Hizbollah suicide attackers killed 80 and wounded 142 in its April 1983 attack on the American Embassy in Beirut, killed 241 and wounded 81 in its October 1983 attack on the US Marine headquarters near Beirut and its attack against the French Multinational Force, killed 58 and wounded 15 (Winkates, 2006, p. 92). In November 1983, Hizbollah suicide terrorists killed 88 and wounded 69 in an attack on the Israeli Defence Force headquarters in Tyre and a month later killed four and wounded 15 in an attack on the American Embassy in Kuwait (Winkates, 2006, p. 92). Sprinzak (2000) notes that Hizbollah leaders were initially very uneasy about the decision to launch suicide attacks, under the reasoning that Islam does not approve of believers taking their own lives. Hezbollahs spectacular success at achieving its goals of ex pelling foreign forces from all of Lebanon inspired other organizations such as Hamas, Tamil Tigers and al-Qaeda to adopt the suicide terrorist method of attack (Pape, 2005, p. 14). The Tamil Tigers were founded in 1972 as a Marxist, ethnic Tamil, Hindu separatist group seeking independence from the Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka. Their Black Tiger division trained to launch suicide attacks against Sri Lankan political leaders, military targets and civilians (Pape, 2005; Winkates, 2006). Hafez (2006) observed that outside of the Middle East, the Tamil Tigers have led the pack in the number and sophistication of suicide missions. It is estimated that the organization completed some 250 successful suicide attacks between 1987 and 2006 (Hafez, 2006, p. 5). In the early 2000s, ethno nationalist and Islamist Chechens began launching suicide attacks against Russian targets (Hafez, 2006, p. 5). Al Qaeda began launching attacks against American and Saudi targets in the Middle East in the mid-1990s. Al Qaedas spectacular entry into the suicide terrorist hall of fame occurred on August 7, 1998 when suicide terrorists used two delivery trucks loaded with explosives to blow up within minutes of each other, the American embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, killing a total of 224 people and injuring more than 4,300 persons (Reuter, 2004, p. 142). A little more than two years later, in October of 2000, Al Qaeda suicide bombers detonated 225 kg of explosive charges alongside the American destroyer, the USS Cole on a refuelling stop in the Yemeni port of Aden, killing 17 American sailors and injuring forty. A year later, Al Qaeda suicide terrorists launched their principal suicide operation and what is described as one of the big gest single suicide terrorist action to date, the 9/11 attacks in the United States, killing about 3,000 (Reuter, 2004, p. 144). This attack lead to explanations of suicide terrorism becoming defined as, first, that the suicide terrorist was irrational and/or mentally ill (Brym Araj, 2006; Pastor, 2004; Wintrobe, 2003).Secondly that the deprivation hypothesis this theory uses the explanation that that suicide terrorists were educationally, economically or otherwise deprived compared to their peers (Brym Araj, 2006; Krueger Maleckova, 2002 .In recent years the Bush Administration has advanced both of these theories in some of its anti-terrorist expression. President Bush repeatedly spoke out against the evil and irrational terrorists who commit these actions. The Bush Administration argued that poverty reduction programs in terrorism-prone regions will reduce the incidence of suicide terrorism (Pastor, 2004; Pape, 2005). Numerous studies have found little or no support for these t wo theories of suicide terrorism, recent studies have provided evidence which directly refutes these theories. Krueger Maleckovas, study in 2002, on the economics and education of suicide bombers directly refutes the deprivation hypothesis of suicide terrorism. Krueger Maleckova 2002 concluded that, the evidence that we have assembled and reviewed suggests that there is little direct connection between poverty, education, and participation in or support for terrorism. Indeed, the available evidence indicates that compared with the relevant population, participantswere at least as likely to come from economically advantaged families and to have a relatively high level of education as they were to come from impoverished families without educational opportunities (Krueger Maleckova 2002 p. 9). Numerous studies have established that overall, suicide terrorists do not suffer from personality disorders or mental illnesses which would explain their participation in suicide terrorism (Berko Erez, 2005). As Wintrobe 2003 argued, it is possible to explain suicide terrorist acts in rational choice terms, and that, while such acts are indeed extreme, they are merely an extreme example of a general class of behaviour in which all of us engage (Wintrobe 2003 p. 2). Explaining that, suicide terrorist is not necessarily irrational. A third theory of suicide terrorism focuses on the influence of culture, especially religious culture, on suicide terrorists (Brym Araj, 2006). These explanations have often been used to explain suicide terrorism among Shia Muslims, based on the tradition of the cult of sacrifice (Hafez, 2006; Bloom, 2005). Although this fails to explain the existence of suicide terrorism among cultures and religions with no established cult of sacrifice and it cannot suff iciently explain suicide terrorism among secular, nationalist groups (Pape, 2005; Hoffman, 2003). Furthermore, as Brym Araj 2006 point to, while such cultural resources likely increase the probability that some groups will engage in suicide attacks, one must be careful not to exaggerate their significance. One difficulty with the clash of civilizations argument is that public opinion polls show that Arabs in the Middle East hold strongly favourable attitudes toward American science and technology, freedom and democracy, education, movies and television, and largely favourable attitudes toward the American people. They hold strongly negative attitudes only toward American Middle East policy. This is less evident of a clash of civilizations than a deep political disagreement (Brym Araj 2006 p. 1973). A more recent theory of suicide terrorism has been offered by Robert Pape (2003, 2005). Based on his analysis of suicide terrorism from 1980 through 2004, Pape presented a three-part model describing the causal logic of suicide terrorism. Papes theory de-emphasizes the role of religion including Islamic fundamentalism and focuses on the role of terrorist organization strategy and secular nationalist objectives. Pape argues that suicide terrorism follows a strategic logic aimed at political coercion (Pape, 2005, p. 21). Pape argues that suicide terrorism is part of an organizations broader campaign to achieve political objectives, usually in response to a foreign occupation. Pape goes on to argue that suicide terrorism also follows a social logic since terrorist organizations often command broad social support within the national communities from which they recruit (Pape, 2005, p. 22). A number of analysts, including Bruce Hoffman (1998, 2003) have advanced explanations of suicide terrorism which propose rationale-choice models emphasizing the role of organizational factors that support Papes theory. Theorists have argued that Papes theory is overly simplistic (Atran, 2006; Bloom, 2005; Brym Araj, 2006). Brym Araj 2006 argues that strategic thinking is only one element that may combine with others in the creation of a suicide bomber (Brym Araj 2006 p. 1972). Atran has recently challenged Papes theory on a number of points, including Papes sampling methods which completely discount the explosion of suicide terrorism in Iraq (Pape 2005, p. 130). Atran calls into question Papes dismissal of the role of ideology and religious fundamentalism as well as his assessments of the effectiveness of suicide terrorism (Atran, 2006, p. 132). Other recently emerging theories of suicide terrorism include Pedahzur Perlingers 2006 social network perspective explaining suicide ter rorism in terms of social motivations and Blooms multi-factor model of suicide terrorism (2005). There is a development towards more complex models of suicide terrorism accounting for the role of individual, social, cultural, strategic, ideological, and organizational motivations and factors in suicide terrorism (Smith, 2004). Defining terrorism especially the suicide terrorism will never be an easy task, as Dershowitz (2002, p.4) observes, there is difficulty in a definition that everyone can agree upon is illustrated by the catchphrase, One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter. Dershowitz (2002, pp. 4-5) breaks down most definitions of terrorism into three main elements: 1) the nature of the targeted victims; 2) the nature of those who commit the violence; and 3) the method by which the terrorist seeks to influence their audiences. Atran (2003, p.1535) observes that the concept of terror as systematic use of violence to attain political ends was first codified by Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution. Robespierre saw terror as an emanation of virtue that delivered swift justice (Atran, 2003, p. 1535). Another major difficulty occurs in separating the concepts of terror and terrorism. Pape (2005, p. 9) explains that terrorism involves the use of violence by an organization other th an a national government to intimidate or frighten a target audience. Pape (2005, p. 9) explains further that most terrorist strikes or campaigns have two general purposes: to gain supporters and to coerce opponents. While Papes (2005) definition excludes the possibility of state-sponsored terrorism, numerous other definitions are wide enough to include terrorist acts conducted by or on behalf of a nation state as well as those conducted by private organizations or individuals (Dershowitz, 2005; Winkates, 2006). Winkates (2006,pp. 88-99) defines terrorism as the premeditated threat or use of violence against persons or property, designed to intimidate non combatant victims, the object of which is to change or to stabilize private or public policy. Definitions of suicide terrorism combine the concepts of terrorism and suicide. As with definitions of terrorism, the definitions of suicide terrorism found in the literature vary. Hafez notes, one problem in defining suicidal terrorism concerns the various possible perspectives on the act: how one describes acts of self-immolation committed in order to kill others is a task fraught with controversy. Those whose support these acts of violence prefer to call them martyrdom operations, and their perpetrators heroes and freedom fighters. Those who oppose them prefer to call them homicide bombers, suicide terrorists, or suicidal murderers (Hafez, 2006, p.4). Hafezs own definition of suicide terrorism relies on the more descriptive term of suicide bomber or human bomb which is defined as an individual who willingly uses his or her body to carry or deliver explosives or explosive materials to attack, kill or main others (Hafez, 2006,p. 4). Blooms definition of suicide terrorism is defined as a violent, politically motivated attack, carried out in a deliberate state of awareness by a person who blows himself or herself up together with a chosen target. The premeditated certain death of the perpetrator is the precondition for the success of the attack (2005, p. 76). In terms of the objectives of suicide terrorism, Bloom describes this as, although a suicide attack aims to physically destroy an initial target, its primary use is typically as a weapon of psychological warfare intended to affect a larger public audience. The primary target is not those actually killed or injured in the attack, but those made to witness itThrough indoctrination and training and under charismatic leaders, self contained suicide cells canalize disparate religious or political sentiments of individuals into an emotionally bonded group (Bloom, 2005, p. 77). Pedahzur states that suicide terrorism includes a diversity of violent actions perpetrated by people who are aware that the odds they will return alive are close to zero (2005, p. 8). Pape agrees in that , What distinguishes a suicide terrorist is that the attacker does not expect to survive the mission and often employees a method of attack such as a car bomb, suicide vest, or ramming an airplane into a building that requires his or her death in order to succeed. In essence, suicide terrorists kill others at the same time that they kill themselves (2005, p. 10). Pape further argues that a broad definition of suicide terrorism could include any operation that is designed in such a way that the terrorist does not expect to survive it, even if he or she is actually killed by police or other d efenders. Pape also argues that We might call such operations suicide missions instead of suicide attacks (2005, p. 10). Winkates argues that the best litmus test for definitive suicide terrorism is the intentional and successful sacrifice of a human life to achieve a terrorist objective (2006, p. 89). Hoffman (2003) argues that two key characteristics of suicide terrorism explain its growing popularity with terrorists groups around the world: suicide bombings are inexpensive and effective (p. 2). While coordinated multi-target attacks such as the 9-11 attacks and the London bombings may require extensive planning and considerable investment, even these types of suicide terrorist attacks are less expensive than many conventional terrorist attacks and definitely less expensive than funding an army. The majority of suicide attacks are carried out by individuals, minimizing the amount of investment and administrative overhead. The reliance on human bombs provides terrorists with the ultimate smart bomb (Hoffman, 2003, p. 2). Such smart bombs can be extremely efficient and effective. One of the characteristics of suicide terrorism is its effectiveness against the selected target. As of 2003, suicide terrorism accounted for just three percent of all worldwide terrorist acts, but for 50% of all terrorism-related deaths (Clayton, 2003, p. 18). This is another factor contributing to its effectiveness. The high-kill rate of suicide terrorism increases the amount of terror such attacks instigate in target populations. As Furedi 2007 notes, The threat represented by mass-casualty terrorism is not confined to its capacity for destruction. Public dread of this phenomenon is underpinned by the assumption that this is a treat that is unpredictable and random and its effect incalculable (Furedi, 2007, p .7) adding further to the overall result; suicide terrorism becomes effective in producing fear, justifying its deployment in conflict, by highlighting the unpredictable ability of the act, to produce more fear than the actual act. The act of suicide terrorism highlights an important asymmetry; terrorist need to be successful only once to kill Americans and demonstrate the inherent vulnerabilities they face, (US Congress, 2002). The asymmetry of suicide terrorism is not only the causation destruction, but to seize the attention of Governments and the population of the nation it targets, as Laqueur (1999) notes;Terrorism has been with us for centuries, and it has always attracted inordinate attention because of its dramatic character and its sudden, often wholly unexpected, occurrence. (Laqueur, 1999: p, 3) Asymmetric terrorism reaches out not merely through the use of physical violence but through the symbolic transgression of social morality and national security. Terrorism, as Townshend, (2000); Laqueur, (1999); Chomsky, (2001) have suggested, goes right to heart of what makes us safe; it forces us to pay attention to it whether we want to nor not. The proliferation of video taped messages from leaders of suspected terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda is a testament to the symbol over the actual act of physical violent; there is nothing violent in the images of Osama bin Laden addressing the world through the Aljazeera television networks but it has symbolic presence in a world that is dominated by media and communication technology, as Van der Veer and Munshi (2004) suggest, one of the major successes of modern terrorist organisations is their ability to use the resources of their enemies: the Internet, satellite television, mobile phones and the mass media. Even the condemnation of t errorists in the media, can aid the cause of terrorist organizations; by describing physical acts of violence through the duality of good and evil or right and wrong, the Western media merely serve to elevate and obfuscate the real nature of terrorism which, as research has shown[1], is far more fractured and complex. In this sense, much of the terrorist organizations aim, of seizing attention, is actually carried out by the opposing media; eager for a story and for a simple answer. Suicide terrorism has become a relatively successful military and political strategy; the 9/11 attackers commanded the attention of the world not only through their own efforts but through their targets media; the American television companies, the European press and the global media conglomerates all shared in the process of captivating the publics imagination that, as Towshend(2000) notes; dramatically amplifies the anxiety about security which is never far from the surface of society. (Townshend, 2000 : 8), the communication of the message and the success of this are inextricably linked to the terrorist organisation itself. A highly ordered group with distinct political aims is likely to be more successful in delivering its message than a disparate, non-focused organisation whose aim is to spread confusion and fear. Douglass McFerran(1997) details that many of the IRA campaigns of the 1970s and 80s had distinct short term as well as long term political aims, very often terrorist attacks on mainland Britain were specifically concerned with achieving a specific political target such as protesting over the widespread imprisonment of suspected terrorists or the treatment of those all ready in prison. As Townshend details this is not the case in every terrorist act; the PanAm flight 103 attacks for instance that saw a plane explode over town of Lockerbie in 1988 had no prior demands or message attached to them and very little admission of guilt after (Just, Kern and Norris, 2003: 285).The nature of the attack is likely to influence the success of the communication of demands; Dobkin (1992) details that in 1970 members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked three airliners in order to not only secure the attention of the worlds media in which they were successful, but to demand the release of a number of Palestinian prisoners in British military jails. Their demands were largely met and most of their hostages were released; however when compared to the contemporary Munich terrorist kidnapping where members of the Black September group killed eleven Israeli athletes in an attempt to secure the release of 236 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails.Hoffma n (1998) details that the Munich kidnappings were not only failures in terms of communicating and achieving recognisable demands but also in media manipulation: The Palestinians had not only failed to obtain their principal, stated demand the release of terrorists imprisoned in Israel and West Germany but, to many observers, had hopelessly tarnished the morality of their cause in the eyes of the world. Indeed, international opinion was virtually unanimous in its condemnation of the terrorists operation. (Hoffman, 1998: p, 72). But, again, this can often have the opposite to the desired effect. Robert Singh (2003) suggests that the 9/11 attacks merely served to strengthen the socio-political position of the American people, the very group that came under attack; he also suggests that the security systems around the globe became more vigilant and aware of any gaps in their processes: Rather than initiating a transformation, 9/11 accelerated trends, policies and approaches that were well established. If the attacks most immediate political effects were certainly dramatic the Bush administrations approval ratings soared and public confidence in the federal government attained levels unseen since the early 1960s (Singh, 2003: p,52). Al-Qaeda, built upon this position when coalition forces invaded Iraq and later Afghanistan, the fear that is produced by asymmetric warfare attacks is sometimes seen as the main outcome, Somali rebels succeeded in influencing the American public, after pictures of dead American soldiers where broadcast on CNN, in the same way as the Madrid Suicide bombings had on the Spanish public, directly influencing government policy and leading to the withdrawal of Spanish troops from Iraq, the American government forced by the public outcry pulled troops out of Somalia. With limited resources and limited damage to western societies al-Qaeda, has managed to change the very ideals for which it is said the war on terror is conducted. It has become a norm in Europe that after a terrorist attack, new security legislation and other measures are established to combat the threat of terrorism; however most of these policies seem to neglected the human rights of the citizens. These changes are highlight ed by Arce (et,al 2009) the traditional treatment of terrorism-as-asymmetric-conflict in terms of the relative resource disparity between terrorists and their ultimate targets, an additional asymmetry exists through the definition of success. For the target government, success is defined in terms of security against all possible attacks; whereas for terrorists one success is often enough to alter the political landscape, airways, etc. If one target is successfully attacked, then counter terror policy and the competency of the government itself can be subject to public scrutiny.(Arce, et,al, 2009). Thinking and organizing in a different manor than an opponent in order to amplify advantages and by doing so also exploit an opponents weakness. Changes to asymmetrical warfare have been greatly affected by the digital age, no matter the policy initiatives in trying to undermine the terrorists propaganda and promote its own; the forum of the internet allows suicide attacks to be displayed to a world audience. The filming of Martyr videos and attacks can serve both as a recruitment campaign reaching to all corners of the world and a forewarning to those who oppose terrorism. Understanding and defining suicide terrorism is open to debate; there have been a number of successes in terms of securing specific demands in the past not least of all the 1970 skyjacking operation by the PFLP. However, we have also seen how terrorism can be divisive, how it can engender the very opposite of what it sets out to do. As we saw with the London bombings, a post 9/11 society is one that treats the threat of terrorism as a consequence of modern city living. This is perhaps the one main reason why terrorism may become considered a strong military strategy: today the more terrorist activity there is, the more political value it has, yet the less it affects every day individual life. However, of course, terrorism is perhaps the only strategy that many disenfranchised groups have which may account for its constant presence on the global political stage. Ultimately, however, terrorism is a symbolic act, an act that depends upon fear for its meaning; as the public becomes more and more exposed to images and symbols of terror they also become more and more immune. As Baudrillard suggests (2003) the violence of the terrorist is likely to become merely just another image in the media and the terrorist themselves just another face on the television screen and it is this, ironically, that provides its greatest counter measure. In this essay the difficulty in defining, theorising and understanding has been discussed. The asymmetries involved within terrorism have also been discussed, showing that with the use of digital media and little resources the ability of the target to respond to attack within its own borders can become limited to the change of political policy, which in turn may undermine the authority of the government within its own borders. The September 11 attacks and during the post Cold war era, the world has seen no greater power than the United States. International Relations have seen the control and dominance of the United States over the worlds structure. However, after the Twin Tower attacks, the world started realizing the role of others inside the international arena, these others preferably labeled terrorists; questioned the validity of several theories that were formulated as soon as the end of the Cold War was announced, these theories were trying to predict the shape and attitude of the world as it entered a new era. It has always been known that every era in history adapts an indication that will mark it as distinctive, and therefore all of those theories were simple speculations on the nature of what could be such an indication. Theories valid, some predicted the rise of democracy and liberalism, others feared the return of barbarism and anarchy. Also, other theories predicted a clash that will divide the borders of the world according to culture, civilization, ethnicity, and most importantly religion. The world has dramatically changed with terrorism as the key player. It is also very clear that the asymmetries involved in terrorism are very powerful, as it was able to question the strength of the United States, and was able to reform the political policies of many world countries. Terrorism is the worlds most fearful enemy, an enemy that is powerful, aggressive, and most importantly ambiguous. There is no concession within society on terrorism, for many it is not a problem and life continues, for others it has change their view of world order and politics. BIBLIOGRAPHY 2008 National Defense Authorization Act (Section 1230, Public Law 110-181) http://www.defense.gov/pubs/OCTOBER_1230_FINAL.pdf Accessed 06/04/2010, Arce, Daniel G; Kovenock, Dan; Robertson,B, Suicide Terrorism and the Weakest Link, CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 2753,CATEGORY 2: PUBLIC CHOIC